Phenformin (hydrochloride)

• Description:

  Phenformin hydrochloride is an anti-diabetic agent from the biguanide class, can activate AMPK activity.

• Product Name Alternative:

  Phenethylbiguanide hydrochloride

• UNSPSC:

  12352005

• Hazard Statement:

  H302

• Target:

  AMPK; Autophagy

• Type:

  Reference compound

• Related Pathways:

  Autophagy; Epigenetics; PI3K/Akt/mTOR

• Applications:

  Cancer-Kinase/protease

• Field of Research:

  Cancer

• Assay Protocol:

  https://www.medchemexpress.com/phenformin-hydrochloride.html

• Purity:

  99.64

• Solubility:

  DMSO : 10 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |H2O : 12.5 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

• Smiles:

  NC(NC(NCCC1=CC=CC=C1)=N)=N.Cl

• Molecular Formula:

  C10H16ClN5

• Molecular Weight:

  241.72

• Precautions:

  H302

• References & Citations:

  [1]Sakamoto K, et al. Activity of LKB1 and AMPK-related kinases in skeletal muscle: effects of contraction, phenformin, and AICAR. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.?2004 Aug;287 (2) :E310-7.|[2]Zhang L, et al. Metformin and phenformin activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart by increasing cytosolic AMP concentration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Jul;293 (1) :H457-66.|[3]Moreira AL, et al. Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation. J Exp Med. 1993 Jun 1;177 (6) :1675-80.|[4]Woollhead AM, et al. Phenformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activation of AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits transepithelial Na+ transport across H441 lung cells. J Physiol. 2005 Aug 1;566 (Pt 3) :781-92. Epub 2005|[5]Dilman VM, et al. Inhibition of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis by phenformin in the mammary gland of rats. Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1978;48 (1) :1-8.

• Shipping Conditions:

  Room Temperature

• Storage Conditions:

  4°C (Powder, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)

• Scientific Category:

  Reference compound1

• Clinical Information:

  Launched

• Isoform:

  AMPK

• Citation 01:

  ACS Omega. 2022 Jan 18;7 (4) :3293-3311.|Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Aug;128:110216.|Cell Rep Med. 2022 Nov 15;3 (11) :100802.|Life Sci. 2019 Jan 15:217:243-250.|Mol Syst Biol. 2023 Jul 11;19 (7) :e11267.|Nat Commun. 2019 Jul 1;10 (1) :2901. |Pharmaceuticals (Basel) . 2024 Sep 19;17 (9) :1234.|Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Aug 21;323 (Pt 1) :147047.

• CAS Number:

  [834-28-6]