Anti-HLA-G FITC

Anti-HLA-G FITC

• Background: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), belonging to MHC class I glycoproteins, plays important roles in both physiological and pathological immunotolerance. It gives an inhibitory signal to cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and some other immune cells. It also induces regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. HLA-G is important e.g. for maternal tolerance to the fetus, and for immunomodulation in particular adult tissues, such as in cornea, pancreatic islets, thymus and other. On the other hand, it is expressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies, where it contributes to evasion of the immune surveillance. HLA-G expression pattern in cancer is an important prognostic factor regarding a poor clinical outcome. Unlike most other MHC glycoproteins, HLA-G acts as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen presenting molecule. It concerns both transmembrane and soluble HLA-G isoforms. Among other, HLA-G can promote Th2 immunological response and downregulate Th1 immunological response. For its benefits regarding allograft tolerance, including embryo implantation, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) can be used as a marker of developmental potential of embryos during the process of in vitro fertilization. Similarly, sHLA-G concentrations in maternal serum are decreased in preeclampsia. Transplanted patients with increased sHLA-G serum levels have improved allograft acceptance. On the other hand, increased sHLA-G can also indicate presence of malignant (sometimes also of benign) tumor cells. Another important topic is induction of HLA-G expression (sometimes associated with shedding of HLA-G from the cell surface) by some anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies, which can weaken the therapy effect. Monitoring of HLA-G in patients thus has a wide usage.
• Specifications: The antibody 87G recognizes both membrane-bound and soluble forms of HLA-G (HLA-G1 and HLA-G5). HLA-G belongs to the MHC Class I molecules (MHC Class Ib nonclassical) and it is expressed on the surface of trophoblast cells.
• CAS Number: 9007-83-4
• Certification: RUO
• Host: Mouse
• Species Reactivity: Human
• Negative Species: Mouse, Rat
• Immunogen: HLA-B27 transgenic mice were imunized with H-2 identical murine cells transfected with and expressing genes encoding HLA-G and human beta2-microglobulin.
• Target Antigen: HLA-G
• Isotype: IgG2a
• Clone: 87G
• Applications: Flow cytometry: Extracellular and intracellular staining recommended dilution: 2 μg/mL positive control: JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma epithelial cell line.
• Validated Applications: FC
• Concentration: 1 mg/mL
• Format: FITC
• Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
• References & Citations: *Sageshima N, Ishitani A, Omura M, Akasaki M, Umekage H, Katabuchi H, Okamura H, Hatake K: Necrotic feature of the trophoblasts lacking HLA-G expression in normal and pre-eclamptic placentas. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2003 Mar49(3):174-82., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12797524?dopt=,*Riteau B. et al.: HLA-G1 co-expression boosts the HLA class I-mediated NK lysis inhibition. Int Immunol. 13(2), 193 (2001)., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157852?dopt=,*Ishitani A. et al.: Protein Expression and Peptide Binding Suggest Unique and Interacting Functional Roles for HLA-E, F and G in Maternal-Placental Immune Recognitions. The Journal of Immunology 171, 1376 (2003)., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12874228?dopt=,*Polakova K, Bandzuchova E, Hofmeister V, Weiss EH, Hutter H, Russ G: Binding analysis of HLA-G specific antibodies to hematopoietic cells isolated from leukemia patients. Neoplasma. 200350(5):331-8., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628085?dopt=,*Polakova K, Krcova M, Kuba D, Russ G: Analysis of HLA-G expression in malignant hematopoetic cells from leukemia patients. Leuk Res. 2003 Jul27(7):643-8., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12681364?dopt=,*Hackmon R, Hallak M, Krup M, Weitzman D, Sheiner E, Kaplan B, Weinstein Y: HLA-G antigen and parturition: maternal serum, fetal serum and amniotic fluid levels during pregnancy. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2004 Sep-Oct19(5):404-9., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15305096?dopt=,*Rouas-Freiss N, Moreau P, Ferrone S, Carosella ED: HLA-G proteins in cancer: do they provide tumor cells with an escape mechanism? Cancer Res. 2005 Nov 1565(22):10139-44., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16287995?dopt=,*Shobu T, Sageshima N, Tokui H, Omura M, Saito K, Nagatsuka Y, Nakanishi M, Hayashi Y, Hatake K, Ishitani A: The surface expression of HLA-F on decidual trophoblasts increases from mid to term gestation. J Reprod Immunol. 2006 Dec72(1-2):18-32., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16806485?dopt=,*LeMaoult J, Caumartin J, Daouya M, Favier B, Le Rond S, Gonzalez A, Carosella ED: Immune regulation by pretenders: cell-to-cell transfers of HLA-G make effector T cells act as regulatory cells. Blood. 2007 Mar 1109(5):2040-8., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17077329?dopt=,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, Le Danff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 Mar64(3):315-26. , URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12590976?dopt=,*Wiendl H: The non-classical MHC molecule HLA-G protects human muscle cells from immune-mediated lysis: implications for myoblast transplantation and gene therapy. Brain. 126(Pt 1), 176 (2003)., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12477705?dopt=,
• Other References: *Creput C, Durrbach A, Menier C, Guettier C, Samuel D, Dausset J, Charpentier B, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in biliary epithelial cells is associated with allograft acceptance in liver-kidney transplantation. J Hepatol. 2003 39(4):587-94., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12971970/,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, LeDanff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 64(3):315-26., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590976/,*Lin A, Yan WH: Heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancers: Facing the challenges. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 279:2164., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319626/,*Hunt JS, Langat DK, McIntire RH, Morales PJ: The role of HLA-G in human pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 20064 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118165/,*Xu HH, Yan WH, Lin A: The role of HLA-G in human papillomavirus infections and cervical carcinogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 2511:1349., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32670296/,*Castelli EC, de Almeida BS, Muniz YC, Silva NS, Passos MR, Souza AS, Page AE, Dyble M, Smith D, Aguileta G, Bertranpetit J, Migliano AB, Duarte YA, Scliar MO, Wang J, Passos-Bueno MR, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Mendes CT, Donadi EA: HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 2911(1):23070., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34845256/,*Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Goldhirsch A: Molecular pathways: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1519(20):5564-71., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23897901/,
• Storage Conditions: Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.