Anti-HLA-G FITC

Anti-HLA-G FITC

• Background: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), belonging to MHC class I glycoproteins, plays important roles in both physiological and pathological immunotolerance. It gives an inhibitory signal to cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and some other immune cells. It also induces regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. HLA-G is important e.g. for maternal tolerance to the fetus, and for immunomodulation in particular adult tissues, such as in cornea, pancreatic islets, thymus and other. On the other hand, it is expressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies, where it contributes to evasion of the immune surveillance. HLA-G expression pattern in cancer is an important prognostic factor regarding a poor clinical outcome. Unlike most other MHC glycoproteins, HLA-G acts as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen presenting molecule. It concerns both transmembrane and soluble HLA-G isoforms. Among other, HLA-G can promote Th2 immunological response and downregulate Th1 immunological response. For its benefits regarding allograft tolerance, including embryo implantation, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) can be used as a marker of developmental potential of embryos during the process of in vitro fertilization. Similarly, sHLA-G concentrations in maternal serum are decreased in preeclampsia. Transplanted patients with increased sHLA-G serum levels have improved allograft acceptance. On the other hand, increased sHLA-G can also indicate presence of malignant (sometimes also of benign) tumor cells. Another important topic is induction of HLA-G expression (sometimes associated with shedding of HLA-G from the cell surface) by some anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies, which can weaken the therapy effect. Monitoring of HLA-G in patients thus has a wide usage.
• Specifications: The antibody 2A12 was generated to a peptide corresponding to C-intron 4-encoded sequence. This antibody does not crossreact with the full-length HLA-G1 isoform and thus allows to distinguish between secreted HLA-G5 and HLA-G6 isoforms from shedded HLA-G1.
• CAS Number: 9007-83-4
• Certification: RUO
• Host: Mouse
• Species Reactivity: Human
• Immunogen: C-terminal amino acid sequence (22-mer) of soluble HLA-G5 and HLA-G6 proteins coupled to ovalbumin.
• Target Antigen: HLA-G
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clone: 2A12
• Applications: Flow cytometry: Excellent for intracellular staining recommended dilution: 1-5 μg/mL.
• Validated Applications: FC
• Concentration: 1 mg/mL
• Format: FITC
• Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
• References & Citations: *LeMaoult J, Le Discorde M, Rouas-Freiss N, Moreau P, Menier C, McCluskey J, Carosella ED: Biology and functions of human leukocyte antigen-G in health and sickness. Tissue Antigens. 2003 Oct62(4):273-84., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12974794,*White SR, Loisel DA, McConville JF, Stern R, Tu Y, Marroquin BA, Noth I, Ober C: Levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G are increased in asthmatic airways. Eur Respir J. 2010 Apr35(4):925-7., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=white%20sr%20loisel%20da ,*Larsen MH, Bzorek M, Pass MB, Larsen LG, Nielsen MW, Svendsen SG, Lindhard A, Hviid TV: Human leukocyte antigen-G in the male reproductive system and in seminal plasma. Mol Hum Reprod. 2011 Dec17(12):727-38., URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=larsen%20mh%20bzorek%20m ,*Poláková K, Železníková T, Russ G: HLA-G5 in the blood of leukemia patients and healthy individuals. Leuk Res. 2013 Feb37(2):139-45., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23146557/,*Zhang X, Lin A, Han QY, Zhang JG, Chen QY, Ye YH, Zhou WJ, Xu HH, Gan J, Yan WH: Intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancer lesions. Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 1911:565759., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33329527/,
• Other References: *Creput C, Durrbach A, Menier C, Guettier C, Samuel D, Dausset J, Charpentier B, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in biliary epithelial cells is associated with allograft acceptance in liver-kidney transplantation. J Hepatol. 2003 39(4):587-94., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12971970/,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, LeDanff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 64(3):315-26., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590976/,*Lin A, Yan WH: Heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancers: Facing the challenges. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 279:2164., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319626/,*Hunt JS, Langat DK, McIntire RH, Morales PJ: The role of HLA-G in human pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 20064 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118165/,*Xu HH, Yan WH, Lin A: The role of HLA-G in human papillomavirus infections and cervical carcinogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 2511:1349., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32670296/,*Castelli EC, de Almeida BS, Muniz YC, Silva NS, Passos MR, Souza AS, Page AE, Dyble M, Smith D, Aguileta G, Bertranpetit J, Migliano AB, Duarte YA, Scliar MO, Wang J, Passos-Bueno MR, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Mendes CT, Donadi EA: HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 2911(1):23070., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34845256/,*Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Goldhirsch A: Molecular pathways: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1519(20):5564-71., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23897901/,
• Storage Conditions: Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.