TNF alpha Antibody

This antibody is specific for a 17-26kDa protein, which is identified as the cytokine TNF alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha) . It can be expressed as a 17kDa free molecule, or as a 26kDa membrane protein. It is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. It exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17kDa band following SDS PAGE under reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.

Human

A hexadecapeptide corresponding to aa 115-130 of human TNF alpha, conjugated to thyroglobulin, was used as the immunogen for this TNF alpha antibody.

4C6-H8

Unconjugated

Immunology & Inflammation

PEG precipitation

Flow cytometry: 0.5-1ug/10^6 cells, Immunofluorescence: 0.5-1ug/ml, Immunohistochemistry (FFPE) : 2-4ug/ml for 30 min at RT

Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 2 weeks. For long term storage store at -20°C in small aliquots to prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

For research use only.

The concentration stated for each application is a general starting point. Variations in protocols, secondaries and substrates may require the antibody to be titered up or down for optimal performance.1. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10mM Citrate Buffer, pH 6.0, for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes.

FACS, IF, IHC-P

Mouse

0.2 mg/ml in 1X PBS with 0.1 mg/ml rAlbumin and 0.05% sodium azide