(-) -Limonene

• Description :

  (-) -Limonene ((S) - (-) -Limonene) is orally active and can cause mild bronchoconstriction. (-) -Limonene alleviates cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by inhibiting the increase of calcium ions (Ca2+) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) . It also exerts anti-stress effects by inhibiting the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Additionally, (-) -Limonene can be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture[1][2][3][4].

• Product Name Alternative :

  (S) - (-) -Limonene

• UNSPSC :

  12352211

• Hazard Statement :

  H226, H304, H317, H400

• Target :

  Antibiotic; Bacterial; CaMK

• Type :

  Natural Products

• Related Pathways :

  Anti-infection; Neuronal Signaling

• Applications :

  Neuroscience-Neuromodulation

• Field of Research :

  Infection; Metabolic Disease; Cardiovascular Disease

• Assay Protocol :

  https://www.medchemexpress.com/_S_-_-_-Limonene.html

• Purity :

  98.59

• Solubility :

  DMSO : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |H2O : 50 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

• Smiles :

  CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)=C)CC1

• Molecular Formula :

  C10H16

• Molecular Weight :

  136.24

• Precautions :

  H226, H304, H317, H400

• References & Citations :

  [1]Larsen ST, et al. Effects of R- (+) - and S- (-) -limonene on the respiratory tract in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2000 Aug;19 (8) :457-66.|[2]da Silva E G, et al. In vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of S- (-) -limonene and R- (+) -limonene against fish bacteria[J]. Fishes, 2021, 6 (3) : 32.|[3]Zhou W, et al. Sub-chronic effects of s-limonene on brain neurotransmitter levels and behavior of rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) . 2009 Aug;55 (4) :367-73.|[4]Rhana P, et al. S-limonene protects the heart in an experimental model of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: Possible involvement of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Sep 5;930:175134.

• Shipping Conditions :

  Room Temperature

• Storage Conditions :

  4°C (Powder, protect from light)

• Scientific Category :

  Natural Products

• Clinical Information :

  Launched

• Isoform :

  CaMK II; Human Endogenous Metabolite

• CAS Number :

  [5989-54-8]