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Exome sequencing is a powerful next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique that focuses on decoding the protein-coding regions of the genome, known as the exome. These regions make up about 1-2% of the genome but harbor approximately 85% of disease-causing genetic variants. By providing a cost-effective and high-resolution view of the exome, exome sequencing enables researchers and clinicians to uncover genetic mutations linked to diseases, understand inherited conditions, and identify novel therapeutic targets.