Anti-HLA-G Biotin

Anti-HLA-G Biotin

• Background: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), belonging to MHC class I glycoproteins, plays important roles in both physiological and pathological immunotolerance. It gives an inhibitory signal to cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and some other immune cells. It also induces regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. HLA-G is important e.g. for maternal tolerance to the fetus, and for immunomodulation in particular adult tissues, such as in cornea, pancreatic islets, thymus and other. On the other hand, it is expressed in many solid and hematologic malignancies, where it contributes to evasion of the immune surveillance. HLA-G expression pattern in cancer is an important prognostic factor regarding a poor clinical outcome. Unlike most other MHC glycoproteins, HLA-G acts as an immune checkpoint molecule rather than as an antigen presenting molecule. It concerns both transmembrane and soluble HLA-G isoforms. Among other, HLA-G can promote Th2 immunological response and downregulate Th1 immunological response. For its benefits regarding allograft tolerance, including embryo implantation, soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) can be used as a marker of developmental potential of embryos during the process of in vitro fertilization. Similarly, sHLA-G concentrations in maternal serum are decreased in preeclampsia. Transplanted patients with increased sHLA-G serum levels have improved allograft acceptance. On the other hand, increased sHLA-G can also indicate presence of malignant (sometimes also of benign) tumor cells. Another important topic is induction of HLA-G expression (sometimes associated with shedding of HLA-G from the cell surface) by some anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies, which can weaken the therapy effect. Monitoring of HLA-G in patients thus has a wide usage.
• Specifications: The antibody MEM-G/9 reacts with an extracellular epitope on native form of human HLA-G1 on the cell surface as well as with soluble HLA-G5 isoform in its beta2-microglobulin associated form. Reactivity with HLA-G3 was also reported. The antibody MEM-G/9 is standard reagent thoroughly validated during 3rd International Conference on HLA-G (Paris, 2003).
• CAS Number: 9007-83-4
• Certification: RUO
• Host: Mouse
• Species Reactivity: Human
• Negative Species: Mouse
• Immunogen: Recombinant human HLA-G refolded with beta2-microglobulin and peptide.
• Target Antigen: HLA-G
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clone: MEM-G/9
• Applications: Flow cytometry: Recommended dilution: 1-5 μg/mL positive control: JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cell line. Immunocytochemistry: Recommended dilution: 2-5 μg/mL. For fixation details see: Emadi et al., Biotech Histochem. 2022 Feb97(2):136-142. Immunohistochemistry: Recommended dilution: 5-10 μg/mL.
• Validated Applications: FC, IP, IHC-F, ICC, ELISA
• Concentration: 1 mg/mL
• Format: Biotin
• Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
• References & Citations: *Zhao L, Teklemariam T, Hantash BM: Reassessment of HLA-G isoform specificity of MEM-G/9 and 4H84 monoclonal antibodies. Tissue Antigens. 2012 Sep80(3):231-8, URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22738368 ,*Fuzzi B, Rizzo R, Criscuoli L, Noci I, Melchiorri L, Scarselli B, Bencini E, Menicucci A, Baricordi OR: HLA-G expression in early embryos is a fundamental prerequisite for the obtainment of pregnancy. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Feb32(2):311-5. , URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11807769?dopt=,*Gonen-Gross T, Achdout H, Arnon TI, Gazit R, Stern N, Horejsí V, Goldman-Wohl D, Yagel S, Mandelboim O: The CD85J/leukocyte inhibitory receptor-1 distinguishes between conformed and beta 2-microglobulin-free HLA-G molecules. J Immunol. 2005 Oct 15175(8):4866-74., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210588?ordin,*Lopez AS, Alegre E, LeMaoult J, Carosella E, Gonzalez A. Regulatory role of tryptophan degradation pathway in HLA-G expression by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Mol Immunol. 2006 Jul43(14):2151-60., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16490253?dopt=,*Abstracts from the 3rd International Conference on HLA-G. Tissue Antigens 62, 339-357 (2003)., URL: ,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, Le Danff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 Mar64(3):315-26., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12590976?dopt=,*Pangault C, Le Friec G, Caulet-Maugendre S, Lena H, Amiot L, Guilloux V, Onno M, Fauchet R: Lung macrophages and dendritic cells express HLA-G molecules in pulmonary diseases. Hum Immunol. 2002 Feb63(2):83-90., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11821155?dopt=,*Lozano JM, Gonzalez R, Kindelan JM, Rouas-Freiss N, Caballos R, Dausset J, Carosella ED, Pena J: Monocytes and T lymphocytes in HIV-1-positive patients express HLA-G molecule. AIDS. 2002 Feb 1516(3):347-51., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834945?dopt=,*Fournel S, Huc X, Aguerre-Girr M, Solier C, Legros M, Praud-Brethenou C, Moussa M, Chaouat G, Berrebi A, Bensussan A, Lenfant F, Le Bouteiller P: Comparative reactivity of different HLA-G monoclonal antibodies to soluble HLA-G molecules. Tissue Antigens. 2000 Jun55(6):510-8., URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10902607?dopt=,*Morandi F, Ferretti E, Bocca P, Prigione I, Raffaghello L, Pistoia V: A novel mechanism of soluble HLA-G mediated immune modulation: downregulation of T cell chemokine receptor expression and impairment of chemotaxis. PLoS One. 2010 Jul 235(7):e11763. , URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668702,*Emadi E, Khoradmehr A, Shams A, Kalantar SM: Appropriate fixative for MEM-G/9 staining of cultured human HLA-G-positive JEG-3 trophoblast tumor cells. Biotech Histochem. 2022 Feb97(2):136-142., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33910426/,
• Other References: *Creput C, Durrbach A, Menier C, Guettier C, Samuel D, Dausset J, Charpentier B, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in biliary epithelial cells is associated with allograft acceptance in liver-kidney transplantation. J Hepatol. 2003 39(4):587-94., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12971970/,*Menier C, Saez B, Horejsi V, Martinozzi S, Krawice-Radanne I, Bruel S, LeDanff C, Reboul M, Hilgert I, Rabreau M, Larrad ML, Pla M, Carosella ED, Rouas-Freiss N: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing HLA-G or HLA-E: new tools to analyze the expression of nonclassical HLA class I molecules. Hum Immunol. 2003 64(3):315-26., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12590976/,*Lin A, Yan WH: Heterogeneity of HLA-G expression in cancers: Facing the challenges. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 279:2164., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30319626/,*Hunt JS, Langat DK, McIntire RH, Morales PJ: The role of HLA-G in human pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 20064 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S10., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118165/,*Xu HH, Yan WH, Lin A: The role of HLA-G in human papillomavirus infections and cervical carcinogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 2511:1349., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32670296/,*Castelli EC, de Almeida BS, Muniz YC, Silva NS, Passos MR, Souza AS, Page AE, Dyble M, Smith D, Aguileta G, Bertranpetit J, Migliano AB, Duarte YA, Scliar MO, Wang J, Passos-Bueno MR, Naslavsky MS, Zatz M, Mendes CT, Donadi EA: HLA-G genetic diversity and evolutive aspects in worldwide populations. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 2911(1):23070., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34845256/,*Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Gelao L, Goldhirsch A: Molecular pathways: Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G). Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1519(20):5564-71., URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23897901/,
• Storage Conditions: Store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.