4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid

• UNSPSC Description:

  4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (α-Ketoisocaproic acid) is a metabolite of L-leucine and is involved in energy metabolism. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, promotes lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and insulin resistance by impairing mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid also causes oxidative damage, leading to cognitive deficits, inhibits α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, acts as an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler and metabolic inhibitor. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid acts as a nutrient signal and stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid can be used in the study of maple syrup urine disease[1][2][3][4][5].

• Target Antigen:

  Autophagy; Endogenous Metabolite; mTOR; SOD

• Type:

  Natural Products

• Related Pathways:

  Autophagy;Immunology/Inflammation;Metabolic Enzyme/Protease;PI3K/Akt/mTOR

• Applications:

  Metabolism-sugar/lipid metabolism

• Field of Research:

  Metabolic Disease; Neurological Disease

• Assay Protocol:

  https://www.medchemexpress.com/4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic_acid.html

• Purity:

  99.51

• Solubility:

  DMSO : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)|H2O : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

• Smiles:

  CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)=O

• Molecular Weight:

  130.14

• References & Citations:

  [1]Yudkoff M, et al. Brain amino acid requirements and toxicity: the example of leucine. J Nutr. 2005 Jun;135(6 Suppl):1531S-8S.|[2]Park, et al. α-ketoisocaproic acid promotes ER stress through impairment of autophagy, thereby provoking lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in murine preadipocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 603 (2022): 109-115.|[3]Taschetto, et al. Acute and long-term effects of intracerebroventricular administration of α-ketoisocaproic acid on oxidative stress parameters and cognitive and noncognitive behaviors. Metabolic brain disease 32 (2017): 1507-1518.|[4]Escobar, et al. Leucine and α-ketoisocaproic acid, but not norleucine, stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs. The Journal of nutrition 140.8 (2010): 1418-1424.|[5]Amaral, et al. α-Ketoisocaproic acid and leucine provoke mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in rat brain. Brain research 1324 (2010): 75-84.

• Shipping Conditions:

  Room Temperature

• Storage Conditions:

  4°C (Powder, protect from light)

• Clinical Information:

  No Development Reported

• CAS Number:

  816-66-0