GM-CSF / CSF2 Protein (hFc Tag)

• Description:

  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related gene cluster at chromosome region 5q31 which is known to be associated with 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility.

• Synonyms:

  CSF Protein; GM-CSF Protein; GMCSF Protein

• Accession Number:

  NP_000749.2

• Reactivity:

  Human

• Cross Reactivity:

  Human

• Label:

  HFc-Tag

• Assay Protocol:

  See Datasheet send with the product

• Endotoxin:

  < 1.0 EU per μg protein as determined by the LAL method.

• Purity:

  > 97 % as determined by SDS-PAGE

• Bioactivity:

  1.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1-5 ng/mL. 2.Immobilized Recombinant Human GM-CSF / CSF2 Protein (Fc Tag) at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Recombinant Human CSF2RA / GM-CSFR / CD116 Protein (His Tag), the EC50 is 15-45 ng/mL.

• Length:

  364

• Form:

  Lyophilized

• Buffer:

  100mM Glycine, 10mM NaCl, 50mM Tris, pH 7.5

• Reconstitution:

  See Datasheet

• Molecular Weight:

  50 kDa (glycosylated monomer)

• Storage Conditions:

  Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -20°C to -80°C. Store it under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

• Host or Source:

  HEK 293 cells