Palmitic acid

• Description:

  Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid is used to establish a cell steatosis model[1][2].

• UNSPSC:

  12352211

• Hazard Statement:

  H302, H315, H319, H335

• Target:

  Endogenous Metabolite; HSP

• Type:

  Natural Products

• Related Pathways:

  Cell Cycle/DNA Damage; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease

• Applications:

  Cancer-programmed cell death

• Field of Research:

  Cancer; Cardiovascular Disease; Metabolic Disease; Neurological Disease

• Assay Protocol:

  https://www.medchemexpress.com/Palmitic_acid.html

• Purity:

  99.86

• Solubility:

  DMSO : 100 mg/mL (ultrasonic) |Ethanol : 12.82 mg/mL (ultrasonic)

• Smiles:

  CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O

• Molecular Formula:

  C16H32O2

• Molecular Weight:

  256.42

• Precautions:

  H302, H315, H319, H335

• References & Citations:

  [1]Harada H, et al. Antitumor activity of palmitic acid found as a selective cytotoxic substance in a marine red alga. Anticancer Res. 2002 Sep-Oct;22 (5) :2587-90.|[2]Wen-Jin Ding, et al. Expression of Notch family is altered in non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Med Rep. 2020 Sep;22 (3) :1702-1708.|[3]Liaqat H, et al. Antioxidant Effect of Wheat Germ Extracts and Their Antilipidemic Effect in Palmitic Acid-Induced Steatosis in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 Cells. Foods. 2021 May 12;10 (5) :1061.|[4]Jiang H, et al. Palmitic acid promotes endothelial progenitor cells apoptosis via p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Atherosclerosis. 2010 May;210 (1) :71-7.|[5]Ding WJ, et al. Expression of Notch family is altered in non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Med Rep. 2020 Sep;22 (3) :1702-1708. |[6]Urso CJ, et al. Palmitic Acid Lipotoxicity in Microglia Cells Is Ameliorated by Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 23;22 (16) :9093. |[7]Wu D, et al. Palmitic acid exerts pro-inflammatory effects on vascular smooth muscle cells by inducing the expression of C-reactive protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α. Int J Mol Med. 2014 Dec;34 (6) :1706-12. |[8]Jeong Yeon Kim, et al. Palmitic Acid-BSA enhances Amyloid-β production through GPR40-mediated dual pathways in neuronal cells: Involvement of the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α and Akt/NF-κB pathways. Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 28;7 (1) :4335. |[9]Yanzhuo Yang, et al. Palmitate lipotoxicity is closely associated with the fatty acid-albumin complexes in BV-2 microglia. PLoS One. 2023 Apr 20;18 (4) :e0281189.

• Shipping Conditions:

  Room Temperature

• Storage Conditions:

  Store at room temperature 3 years

• Scientific Category:

  Natural Products

• Clinical Information:

  No Development Reported

• Isoform:

  HSP70; Human Endogenous Metabolite; Microbial Metabolite

• Citation 01:

  ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 28;9 (10) :11870-11882.|Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2025 Apr 25;13 (1) :84.|Adv Sci (Weinh) . 2023 Oct;10 (28) :e2302130.|Aquaculture. 15 January 2022, 737333.|Autophagy. 2025 Jan;21 (1) :178-190.|Autophagy. 2025 Jun 7:1-19.|Bioact Mater. 2023 Nov 9:33:85-99.|Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Mar 31;1870 (5) :167142.|Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids . 2020 Feb;1865 (2) :158540.|Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jul 6:177:117085.|bioRxiv. 2024 October 29.|BMC Cancer. 2025 May 28;25 (1) :956.|BMC Endocr Disord. 2025 Feb 27;25 (1) :54.|Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 May 6;22 (1) :107.|Cell Biochem Biophys. 2025 Jul 28.|Cell Biol Toxicol. 2024 Nov 26;40 (1) :104.|Cell Death Dis. 2024 Jun 12;15 (6) :411.|Cell Death Dis. 2019 May 28;10 (6) :416. |Cell Discov. 2023 Mar 7;9 (1) :26.|Cell Rep Med. 2025 Aug 19;6 (8) :102260.|Cell Rep. 2024 Nov 9;43 (11) :114962.|Cell Rep. 2025 Feb 25;44 (3) :115350.|Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 25;44 (11) :116496.|Cell Signal. 2024 Nov 25:111528.|Curr Sci. 2025 Oct 8.|Curr Top Nutraceutical Res. 2022 May 4.|Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Oct 2;14:4165-4177.|eFood. 2025 Jun 30.|Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2023 Feb 25.|FASEB J. 2024 Jul 15;38 (13) :e23806.|Food Funct. 2021 Dec 13;12 (24) :12421-12433.|Food Funct. 2022 May 23;13 (10) :5559-5570.|Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Jun:202:110-120.|Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 30;13:920601.|Front Pharmacol. 2024 Oct 23:15:1496639.|Gut Microbes. 2022 Jan-Dec;14 (1) :2139978.|Heliyon. 2024 May 16;10 (10) :e30708.|Heliyon. 2024 May 30.|Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Oct 11;143 (Pt 1) :113327.|Int J Obes. 2025 Jul 28.|J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Mar 1:321:117550.|J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Nov 26:339:119162.|J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jul 29:120333.|J Ethnopharmacol. 2026 Feb 28:357:120941.|J Integr Agric. 2024 May 13.|J Med Virol. 2025 Nov;97 (11) :e70699.|J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Jul 18;18 (1) :159.|J Pharm Anal. 2025 Apr 12.|J Physiol Biochem. 2024 May;80 (2) :407-420.|J Virol. 2021 Aug 10;95 (17) :e0078121.|Life Sci. 2025 May 5:374:123687.|Mater Technol (N Y N Y) . 2025 Jun 17.|mBio. 2024 Jul 2:e0154924.|Med Gas Res. 2025 Mar 1;15 (1) :148-155.|Med Gas Res. 2025 Sep 1;15 (3) :374-382.|Mol Med Rep. 2020 Sep;22 (3) :1702-1708.|Mol Nutr Food Res. 2023 Apr;67 (7) :e2101052.|Mol Nutr Food Res. 2023 Jan;67 (2) :e2200429.|Nature. 2025 Jul;643 (8070) :192-200.|Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 May 14;2022:3861380.|Phytomedicine. 2024 Jan:123:155209.|Phytomedicine. 2025 Jul:142:156777.|Phytother Res. 2022 Jan;36 (1) :433-447.|Phytother Res. 2023 Dec;37 (12) :5991-6005.|PLoS One. 2025 Jul 14;20 (7) :e0328345.|Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 May 14.|Redox Biol. 2025 Feb 3:80:103528.|Research Square Preprint. 2023 Jul 20.|Research Square Preprint. 2024 Feb 15.|Research Square Preprint. 2024 Feb 19.|RSC Adv. 2025 Nov 27;15 (55) :46775-46789.|Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 5;15 (1) :7768.|Science. 2025 Mar 14;387 (6739) :eadm9805.|Sex Med. 2023 Jan 24;11 (1) :qfac008.|Sex Med. 2025 Aug 6;13 (4) :qfaf059.|SSRN. 2025 May 22.|Tissue Cell. 2025 May 20:96:102984.|Xenobiotica. 2025 Sep 18:1-9.|Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jun 13.|Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Jan:226:171-184.

• CAS Number:

  [57-10-3]