ESXA Recombinant Protein (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

• Gene Name:

  ESAT-6 protein EsxA

• Gene Aliases:

  Esat-6; ESAT-6 protein EsxA; Rv3875.

• Gene ID:

  886209

• Accession Number:

  WP_003399963

• Reactivity:

  Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Target:

  A secreted protein that plays a number of roles in modulating the host's immune response to infection as well as being responsible for bacterial escape into the host cytoplasm. Acts as a strong host (human) T-cell antigen (PubMed:7729876, PubMed:11940590) . Inhibits IL-12 p40 (IL12B) and TNF-alpha expression by infected host (mouse) macrophages, reduces the nitric oxide response by about 75% (PubMed:14557536) . In mice previously exposed to the bacterium, elicits high level of IFN-gamma production by T-cells upon subsequent challenge by M.tuberculosis, in the first phase of a protective immune response (PubMed:7897219, PubMed:7729876) . Higher levels (1.6-3.3 uM) of recombinant protein inhibit IFN-gamma production by host (human) T-cells and also IL-17 and TNF-alpha production but not IL-2; decreases expression of host ATF-2 and JUN transcription factors by affecting T-cell receptors signaling downstream of ZAP70, without cytotoxicity or apoptosis (PubMed:19265145) . EsxA inhibits IFN-gamma production in human T-cells by activating p38 MAPK (MAPK14), p38 MAPK is not responsible for IL-17 decrease (PubMed:21586573) . Binds host (mouse) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and decreases host MYD88-dependent signaling; binding to TLR2 activates host kinase AKT and subsequently inhibits downstream activation of NF-kappa-B; the C-terminal 20 residues (76-95) are necessary and sufficient for the TLR2 inhibitory effect (PubMed:17486091) . Required for induction of host (human) IL-1B maturation and release by activating the host NLRP3/ASC inflammasome; may also promote access of other tuberculosis proteins to the host cells cytoplasm (PubMed:20148899) . Induces IL-8 (CXCL8) expression in host (human) lung epithelial cells (PubMed:23867456) . Exogenously applied protein, or protein expressed in host (human and mouse), binds beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and decreases its export to the cell surface, probably leading to defects in class I antigen presentation by the host cell (PubMed:25356553) . Responsible for mitochondrial fragmention, redistribution around the cell nucleus and decreased mitochondrial mass; this effect is not seen until 48 hours post-infection (PubMed:26092385) . Able to disrupt artificial planar bilayers in the absence of EsxB (CFP-10) (PubMed:14557547) . Native protein binds artificial liposomes in the absence but not presence of EsxB and is able to rigidify and lyse them; the EsxA-EsxB complex dissociates at acidic pH, EsxB might serve as a chaperone to prevent membrane lysis (PubMed:17557817) . Recombinant protein induces leakage of phosphocholine liposomes at acidic pH in the absence of ExsB, undergoes conformational change, becoming more alpha-helical at acidic pH (PubMed:23150662, PubMed:25645924) . The study using recombinant protein did not find dissociation of EsxA-EsxB complex at acidic pH (PubMed:23150662) . Involved in translocation of bacteria from the host (human) phagolysosome to the host cytoplasm (PubMed:17604718, PubMed:22319448) . Translocation into host cytoplasm is visible 3 days post-infection using cultured human cells and precedes host cell death (PubMed:22319448) . Recombinant protein induces apoptosis in host (human) differentiated cell lines, which is cell-line dependent; bacteria missing the ESX-1 locus do not induce apoptosis (PubMed:17298391) . Host (human) cells treated with EsxA become permeable to extracellular dye (PubMed:17298391) . EsxA and EsxA-EsxB are cytotoxic to pneumocytes (PubMed:19906174) . ESX-1 secretion system-induced host (mouse) cell apoptosis, which is probably responsible for infection of new host cells, might be due to EsxA (PubMed:23848406) . EsxA induces necrosis in aged neutrophils (PubMed:25321481) . May help regulate assembly and function of the type VII secretion system (T7SS) (By similarity) . EsxA disassembles pre-formed EccC-EsxB multimers, possibly by making EccC-EsxA-EsxB trimers instead of EccC-EsxB-EsxB-EccC tetramers (By similarity) .

• Type:

  Protein

• Source:

  Yeast

• Sequence:

  WNFAGIEAAASAIQGNVTSIHSLLDEGKQSLTKLAAAWGGSGSEAYQGVQQKWDATATELNNALQNLARTISEAGQAMASTEGNVTGMFA

• Assay Protocol:

  Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol

• Format:

  Liquid or Lyophilized powder

• Buffer:

  If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.

• Reconstitution:

  -20°C or -80°C

• Molecular Weight:

  11.3 kDa

• Protein Length:

  Recombinant

• NCBI Gene Symbol:

  EsxA

• Protein Name:

  6 kDa early secretory antigenic target

• Gene Name URL:

  EsxA

• CAS Number:

  9000-83-3

• Nucleotide Accession Number:

  NZ_KK339374