PAK3 Antibody (Phospho-Thr423/402/421)

• Gene Name:

  P21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1|p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2|p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3

• Gene Aliases:

  Adriamycin resistance-associated; alpha-PAK; ARA; beta-PAK; bPAK; gamma-PAK; IDDMSSD; MRX30; MRX47; oligophrenin-3; OPHN3; p21 (CDKN1A) -activated kinase 2; p21 (CDKN1A) -activated kinase 3; p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac) -activated kinase 1; p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac) -activated kinase 2; p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac) -activated kinase 3; p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (STE20 homolog, yeast) ; p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (yeast Ste20-related) ; p21-activated kinase 1; p21-activated kinase 2; p21-activated kinase 3; p58; p65-PAK; PAK-2; PAK-3; PAK3beta; PAK65; PAKalpha; PAKgamma; S6/H4 kinase; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2; serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3; STE20 homolog, yeast; XLID30.

• Gene ID:

  5058|5062|5063

• Swiss Prot:

  O75914|Q13153|Q13177

• Accession Number:

  NP_001121638.1

• Reactivity:

  Human|Mouse|Rat

• Immunogen:

  The antiserum was produced against synthesized peptide derived from human PAK1/2/3 around the phosphorylation site of Thr423/402/421.

• Target:

  Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of downstream MAP kinases. Involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, actin stress fibers and of focal adhesion complexes. Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels. Part of a ternary complex that contains PAK1, DVL1 and MUSK that is important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) . Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2. Phosphorylates MYL9/MLC2. Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-338' and 'Ser-339' resulting in: activation of RAF1, stimulation of RAF1 translocation to mitochondria, phosphorylation of BAD by RAF1, and RAF1 binding to BCL2. Phosphorylates SNAI1 at 'Ser-246' promoting its transcriptional repressor activity by increasing its accumulation in the nucleus. In podocytes, promotes NR3C2 nuclear localization. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced phosphorylation of LIMK1 and cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3, maybe through CFL1 phosphorylation and inactivation. Plays a role in RUFY3-mediated facilitating gastric cancer cells migration and invasion (PubMed:25766321) .|Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, or cell cycle regulation. Plays a role in dendrite spine morphogenesis as well as synapse formation and plasticity. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Additionally, phosphorylates TNNI3/troponin I to modulate calcium sensitivity and relaxation kinetics of thin myofilaments. May also be involved in early neuronal development.|Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation.

• Clonality:

  Polyclonal

• Type:

  Polyclonal Antibody

• Applications:

  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay|Immunofluorescence|Immunohistochemistry|Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin|Western blot

• Purification:

  The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.

• Assay Protocol:

  Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Reconstitution & Storage Instructions Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Western Blotting/Immunoblotting (WB/IB) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) Protocol Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Blocking Peptide Competition Protocol (BPCP) Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Immunoprecipitation (IP) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol Antibody Array (AA) Protocol

• Dilution:

  The optimal working dilution should be determined by the end user.

• Format:

  Liquid

• Reconstitution:

  -20°C

• Molecular Weight:

  60 kDa

• Notes:

  Formerly GWB-ASB197

• Specificity:

  PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Thr423/402/421) antibody detects endogenous levels of PAK1/2/3 only when phosphorylated at threonine 423/402/421.

• NCBI Gene Symbol:

  PAK1|PAK2|PAK3

• Host or Source:

  Rabbit

• Protein Name:

  Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1|Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2|Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3

• Gene Name URL:

  PAK1|PAK2|PAK3

• CAS Number:

  9007-83-4