Antibody s reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Fungi, Chestnut Blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), Hamster, Monkey, Rabbit, African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), Dog
Scientific context
GRP78 is a ubiquitously expressed, 78-kDa glucose regulated protein, and is commonly referred to as an immunoglobin chain binding protein (BiP). The BiP proteins are categorized as stress response proteins because they play an important role in the proper folding and assembly of nascent protein and in the scavenging of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Translation of BiP is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5' non-translated region of the BiP mRNA. BiP IRES activity increases when cells are heat stressed (1). GRP78 is also critical for maintenance of cell homeostasis and the prevention of apoptosis (2). Luo et al. have provided findings that suggest GRP78 is essential for embryonic cell growth and pluripotent cell survival (3). In terms of diseases, GRP78 has been shown to be a reliable biomarker of hypoglycemia, to serve a neuroprotective function in neurons exposed to glutamate and oxidative stress (4), and its protein levels are reduced in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients (5). Also, the induction of the GRP78 protein that results in severe glucose and oxygen deprivation could possible lead to drug resistance to anti-tumor drugs (6, 7).
Bibliography
1. Cho, S. et al. (2007). Mol Cell Biol 27(1): 368-83. 2. Yang, Y. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273: 25552-25555. 3. Luo, S. et al (2006) 26 (15): 5688-97. 4. Yu, Z. et al. (1999) Exp Neurol. 15: 302-314. 5. Koomagi, R. et al. (1999) Anticancer Res. 19:4333-4336. 6. Laquerre, S. et al. (1998) J. Virology 72: 4940-4949. 7. Dong, D. et al. (2005) Cancer Res 65(13): 5785-91.
Representative figure legend
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis using Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107). Tissue: Hippocampal Section. Species: Mouse. Fixation: 4% Formaldehyde for 12 hours at RT. Paraffin embedded.. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107) at 1:100 for 12 hours at 4°C. Secondary Antibody: Alexa Fluor 555 Goat Anti-Rabbit at 1:250 for 1 hour at RT. Counterstain: Hoechst at 1:1000 for 10 min at RT. Localization: Grp78 staining in mouse pyramidal cell layer.. Magnification: 20x. Slice thickness: 7 microns . Courtesy of: Rachel Reith, NIH/NIMH.. | Western blot analysis of Human, Dog, Mouse Cell line lysates showing detection of GRP78 protein using Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107). Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107) at 1:1000. | Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis using Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107). Tissue: Heat Shocked HeLa Cells. Species: Human. Fixation: 2% Formaldehyde for 20 min at RT. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107) at 1:100 for 12 hours at 4°C. Secondary Antibody: FITC Goat Anti-Rabbit (green) at 1:200 for 2 hours at RT. Counterstain: DAPI (blue) nuclear stain at 1:40000 for 2 hours at RT. Localization: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Melanosome. Cytoplasm . Magnification: 100x. (A) DAPI (blue) nuclear stain. (B) Anti-GRP78 Antibody. (C) Composite. Heat Shocked at 42°C for 30 min. | Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis using Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107). Tissue: Heat Shocked HeLa Cells. Species: Human. Fixation: 2% Formaldehyde for 20 min at RT. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107) at 1:100 for 12 hours at 4°C. Secondary Antibody: APC Goat Anti-Rabbit (red) at 1:200 for 2 hours at RT. Counterstain: DAPI (blue) nuclear stain at 1:40000 for 2 hours at RT. Localization: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Melanosome. Cytoplasm . Magnification: 20x. (A) DAPI (blue) nuclear stain. (B) Anti-GRP78 Antibody. (C) Composite. Heat Shocked at 42°C for 30 min. | Western blot analysis of Rat Tissue lysates showing detection of GRP78 protein using Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107). Load: 15 µg protein. Block: 1.5% BSA. Primary Antibody: Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Polyclonal Antibody (SPC-107) at 1:1000 for 2 hours at RT. Secondary Antibody: Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG: HRP for 1 hour at RT. Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Antibody used in Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence (ICC/IF) on Mouse Hippocampal Section (SPC-107) | Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Antibody used in Western blot (WB) on Human, Dog, Mouse Cell line lysates (SPC-107) | Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Antibody used in Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence (ICC/IF) on Human Heat Shocked HeLa Cells (SPC-107) | Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Antibody used in Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence (ICC/IF) on Human Heat Shocked HeLa Cells (SPC-107) | Rabbit Anti-GRP78 Antibody used in Western blot (WB) on Rat Tissue lysates (SPC-107)
Technique
Polyclonal, Rabbit, anti-, anti, antibody to, antibodies, Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are mostly rabbit or goat antibodies that are secreted by different B cells, whereas monoclonal antibodies come from a single N cell lineage. Pabs are a collection of immunoglobulin molecules that react against a specific antigen, each identifying a different epitope.
