OVA Conjugated Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
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Catalog number
RPU50864-50ug
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Price
Please ask
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Size
50ug
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Estimated Turnaround Time
6-11 business days
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Gene Name
NA
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Alternative Names
LOS; Lipoglycans; Lipooligosaccharide; Lipo-Oligosaccharide; Endotoxin
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Source
Chemical synthesis
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Purity
> 95%
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Application
Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB
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Shipping Conditions
Ice packs
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Storage conditions
Short term: -20°C; Long term: -80°C. Minimize freeze and thaw cycles.
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Shelf life
1 year
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Restriction
For research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.
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Gene
Bacterial pathogen lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the major outer surface membrane components present in almost all Gram-negative bacteria and act as extremely strong stimulators of innate or natural immunity in diverse eukaryotic species ranging from insects to humans. LPS consist of a poly- or oligosaccharide region that is anchored in the outer bacterial membrane by a specific carbohydrate lipid moiety termed lipid A. The lipid A component is the primary immunostimulatory center of LPS. With respect to immunoactivation in mammalian systems, the classical group of strongly agonistic (highly endotoxin) forms of LPS has been shown to be comprised of a rather similar set of lipid A types. In addition, several natural or derivative lipid A structures have been identified that display comparatively low or even no immunostimulation for a given mammalian species. Some members of the latter more heterogeneous group are capable of antagonizing the effects of strongly stimulatory LPS/lipid A forms. Agonistic forms of LPS or lipid A trigger numerous physiological immunostimulatory effects in mammalian organisms, but--in higher doses--can also lead to pathological reactions such as the induction of septic shock. Cells of the myeloid lineage have been shown to be the primary cellular sensors for LPS in the mammalian immune system. During the past decade, enormous progress has been obtained in the elucidation of the central LPS/lipid A recognition and signaling system in mammalian phagocytes. According to the current model, the specific cellular recognition of agonistic LPS/lipid A is initialized by the combined extracellular actions of LPS binding protein (LBP), the membrane-bound or soluble forms of CD14 and the newly identified Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)*MD-2 complex, leading to the rapid activation of an intracellular signaling network that is highly homologous to the signaling systems of IL-1 and IL-18. The elucidation of structure-activity correlations in LPS and lipid A has not only contributed to a molecular understanding of both immunostimulatory and toxic septic processes, but has also re-animated the development of new pharmacological and immuno-stimulatory strategies for the prevention and therapy of infectious and malignant diseases. Ovalbumin (abbreviated OVA) is the main protein found in egg white, making up 60-65% of the total protein. Ovalbumin displays sequence and three-dimensional homology to the serpin superfamily, but unlike most serpins it is not a serine protease inhibitor. The function of ovalbumin is unknown, although it is presumed to be a storage protein. OVA is also the best characterized and the first antigen proteins used as a transgene to make transgenic mice. Many different transgenic mouse models have systemic OVA expression driven by the ubiquitously expressed b-actin promoter or tissue-specific OVA expression with insulin promoter to drive the transgene expression, for studying type I diabetes, or in different isoforms, secreted or cell-membrane associated, and more recently as inducible transgene models. These C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice models are well characterized, and have contributed to our understanding of immunogenicity and tolerance by the OVA model.
Gene info
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